Excavation and research has been going on at Agate Fossil Beds since the late 1800’s. The exemplary mammal fossil bones are from the Miocene Epoch (23 to 5 million years ago). The visitor center includes reconstructed skeletons, along with a collection of Native American artifacts, including items from Chief Red Cloud.
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, located in the northwest corner of Nebraska where cattle far outnumber humans—there are only 1,500 residents in Sioux County. Wyoming is 17 miles to the west, and South Dakota is 42 miles north.


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